Summary ⁶

Quercus velutina, the eastern black oak or more commonly known as simply black oak, is a species in the red oak (Quercus sect. Lobatae) group of oaks. It is widespread in eastern and central North America, found in all the coastal states from Maine to Texas, inland as far as Ontario, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and eastern Texas. Quercus velutina was previously known as yellow oak due to the yellow pigment in its inner bark.

In the northern part of its range, Quercus velutina is a relatively small tree, reaching a height of 65 – 80 feet and a diameter of 35 inches, but it grows larger in the south and center of its range, where heights of up to 138 ft are known.

The leaves of the black oak are alternately arranged on the twig and are 4–8 in long with 5–7 bristle-tipped lobes separated by deep U-shaped notches. The upper surface of the leaf is a shiny deep green, the lower is yellowish-brown. There are also stellate hairs on the underside of the leaf that grow in clumps. Some key characteristics for identification include that leaves grown in the sun have very deep U-shaped sinuses and that the buds are velvety and covered in white hairs

The fruit, an acorn that occurs singly or in clusters of two to five, is about one-third enclosed in a scaly cup and matures in 2 years. Black oak acorns are brown when mature and ripen from late August to late October, depending on geographic location.

Fontes e Créditos

1. (c) Laura Clark, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), uploaded by Laura Clark
2. (c) Bruce Kirchoff, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/brucekirchoff/23843273000/
3. (c) Douglas Goldman, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), uploaded by Douglas Goldman
4. (c) Leanne Wallis, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Leanne Wallis
5. (c) Sheri, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Sheri
6. Adaptado por Tom Pollard de uma obra de (c) Wikipedia, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_velutina

Mais informações

• BioDiversity4All taxon page
• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• BOLD Systems BIN search
• eFloras.org
• Flora of North America (beta)
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
• Go Botany
• HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants
• IPNI (with links to POWO, WFO, and BHL)
• Maryland Biodiversity Project
• NatureServe Explorer 2.0
• NBN Atlas
• New Zealand Plant Conservation Network
• SEINet Symbiota portals
• Tropicos
• USDA PLANTS database
• VASCAN by Canadensys
• World Flora Online

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